基于gentoo系统部署wayland定制桌面环境

背景

最近，我决定第二次重新尝试Wayland桌面布局，再加上我的系统实在是太乱了，决定重装系统的同时开始考虑自己的桌面系统

开始部署

安装wayland基本组成

在你 的gentoo的 /etc/portage/make.conf增加如下USE：

gles2 wayland xwayland vulkan 

增加如下 VIDEO_CARDS:

intel nvidia

增加如下 INPUT_DEVICES：

libinput

编辑/etc/portage/make.conf：

USE="${USE} waybar gles2 bluetooth screencast wayland xwayland vulkan pipewire "

VIDEO_CARDS="intel nvidia"
INPUT_DEVICES="libinput"

然后执行以下命令：

emerge --ask --changed-use --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y --update @world
emerge --ask wayland xwayland vulkan xorg-server

等待执行完毕即可。

安装并配置Hyprland

执行命令拉取：

eselect repository enable wayland-desktop
emaint sync -r wayland-desktop
emerge --ask --verbose hyprland

完成后编辑 .config/hypr/yyprland.conf:

########################################################################################
AUTOGENERATED HYPR CONFIG.
PLEASE USE THE CONFIG PROVIDED IN THE GIT REPO /examples/hypr.conf AND EDIT IT,
OR EDIT THIS ONE ACCORDING TO THE WIKI INSTRUCTIONS.
########################################################################################

#
# Please note not all available settings / options are set here.
# For a full list, see the wiki
#

#autogenerated = 1 # remove this line to remove the warning

# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Monitors/
#monitor=,preferred,auto,1
monitor=, 2048x1080@60,0x0,1

# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/ for more

# Execute your favorite apps at launch
exec-once = waybar -c ~/.config/waybar/config.bottom
exec-once = waybar -c ~/.config/waybar/config.top
exec-once = /opt/upwork-wayland/screenshot_adapter.py
exec-once = hyprpaper
exec-once = sleep 10 && fcitx5
exec-once = gentoo-pipewire-launcher >/dev/null 2>&1
exec-once = gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme "Dexy-GTK"
exec-once = gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme "Dexy-GTK"
exec-once = gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name "SourceSerif4 10"
exec-once = /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk -r 
exec-once = /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-wlr -r 
exec-once = /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal -r
exec-once = flameshot
#exec-once = dbus-update-activation-environment 2>/dev/null && dbus-update-activation-environment DISPLAY=$DISPLAY WAYLAND_DISPLAY=$WAYLAND_DISPLAY SWAYSOCK=$SWAYSOCK
#exec-once = XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway flameshot &

# Source a file (multi-file configs)
# source = ~/.config/hypr/myColors.conf

"wlr/workspaces": {
    "format": "{icon}",
    "on-scroll-up": "hyprctl dispatch workspace e+1",
    "on-scroll-down": "hyprctl dispatch workspace e-1",
    "on-click": "activate"
}

# For all categories, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/
input {
    kb_layout = us
    kb_variant =
    kb_model =
    kb_options =
    kb_rules =

    follow_mouse = 1

    touchpad {
        natural_scroll = no
    }

    sensitivity = 0 # -1.0 - 1.0, 0 means no modification.
}

general {
    # See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/ for more

    gaps_in = 5
    gaps_out = 20
    border_size = 2
    col.active_border = rgba(1affffee)
    col.inactive_border = rgba(595959aa)

    layout = dwindle
}

decoration {
    # See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/ for more

    rounding = 10
    blur = yes
    blur_size = 3
    blur_passes = 1
    blur_new_optimizations = on

    drop_shadow = yes
    shadow_range = 4
    shadow_render_power = 3
    col.shadow = rgba(1a1a1aee)
}

animations {
    enabled = yes

    # Some default animations, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Animations/ for more

    bezier = myBezier, 0.05, 0.9, 0.1, 1.05

    animation = windows, 1, 7, myBezier
    animation = windowsOut, 1, 7, default, popin 80%
    animation = border, 1, 10, default
    animation = fade, 1, 7, default
    animation = workspaces, 1, 6, default
}

dwindle {
    # See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Dwindle-Layout/ for more
    pseudotile = yes # master switch for pseudotiling. Enabling is bound to mainMod + P in the keybinds section below
    preserve_split = yes # you probably want this
}

master {
    # See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Master-Layout/ for more
    new_is_master = true
}

gestures {
    # See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/ for more
    workspace_swipe = off
}

# Example per-device config
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/#executing for more
device:epic mouse V1 {
    sensitivity = -0.5
}

# Example windowrule v1
# windowrule = float, ^(kitty)$
# Example windowrule v2
# windowrulev2 = float,class:^(kitty)$,title:^(kitty)$
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Window-Rules/ for more

windowrule=nofocus
windowrule=float,^(rofi)$
windowrule=workspace name:work, title:Upwork
windowrule=workspace name:Telegram, title:Telegram
windowrule=workspace name:work, title:Skype
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/ for more
$mainMod = SUPER

# Example binds, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Binds/ for more
bind = $mainMod, Return, exec, konsole
bind = $mainMod, C, killactive, 
bind = $mainMod, M, exit,
bind = $mainMod, F, exec, firefox
bind = $mainMod, Print, exec, flameshot gui
#bind = $mainMod + SHIFT, Print, exec, XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway flameshot gui -r | wl-copy
bind = $mainMod, F2, exec, fcitx5-configtool
bind = $mainMod, T, exec, Telegram
bind = $mainMod, E, exec, dolphin
bind = $mainMod, V, togglefloating, 
bind = $mainMod, R, exec, rofi -show drun
bind = $mainMod + SHIFT, KP_Subtract , exec, fish -c "set_main_mute 5%-"
bind = $mainMod + SHIFT, KP_Add, exec, fish -c "set_main_mute 5%+"
bind = $mainMod, P, pseudo, # dwindle
bind = $mainMod, J, togglesplit, # dwindle
bind = $mainMod, F3, exec, QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb  Applications/Ultimaker-Cura-5.0.0-beta+1-linux_c714ec65293e8f948ace6fd69440b1d4.AppImage

# Move focus with mainMod + arrow keys
bind = $mainMod, left, movefocus, l
bind = $mainMod, right, movefocus, r
bind = $mainMod, up, movefocus, u
bind = $mainMod, down, movefocus, d

bind = $mainMod, K, togglegroup,
bind = $mainMod, Tab, changegroupactive, f

# Switch workspaces with mainMod + [0-9]
bind = $mainMod, 1, workspace, 1
bind = $mainMod, 2, workspace, 2
bind = $mainMod, 3, workspace, 3
bind = $mainMod, 4, workspace, 4
bind = $mainMod, 5, workspace, 5
bind = $mainMod, 6, workspace, 6
bind = $mainMod, 7, workspace, 7
bind = $mainMod, 8, workspace, 8
bind = $mainMod, 9, workspace, 9
bind = $mainMod, 0, workspace, 10

# Move active window to a workspace with mainMod + SHIFT + [0-9]
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 1, movetoworkspace, 1
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 2, movetoworkspace, 2
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 3, movetoworkspace, 3
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 4, movetoworkspace, 4
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 5, movetoworkspace, 5
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 6, movetoworkspace, 6
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 7, movetoworkspace, 7
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 8, movetoworkspace, 8
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 9, movetoworkspace, 9
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 0, movetoworkspace, 10

# Scroll through existing workspaces with mainMod + scroll
bind = $mainMod, mouse_down, workspace, e+1
bind = $mainMod, mouse_up, workspace, e-1

# Move/resize windows with mainMod + LMB/RMB and dragging
bindm = $mainMod, mouse:272, movewindow
bindm = $mainMod, mouse:273, resizewindow

bind = $mainMod, F11, movetoworkspace, special
bind = $mainMod, F12, togglespecialworkspace

配置文件已经过修改，按照自己情况即可

安装waybar

编辑/etc/portage/package.use/base：

gui-apps/waybar experimental wifi tray

在您的系统执行：

sudo emerge --ask waybar
sudo cp -r /etc/sway ~/.config/sway

编辑配置文件 .config/waybar/config.top:

{
    "layer": "top", // Waybar at top layer
    "position": "top", // Waybar position (top|bottom|left|right)
    "height": 30, // Waybar height (to be removed for auto height)
    // "width": 1280, // Waybar width
    "spacing": 4, // Gaps between modules (4px)
    // Choose the order of the modules
    "modules-left": [], 
    "modules-center": ["hyprland/window"],
    "modules-right": [], 
    "hyprland/window": {
        "format": "  {}",                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
        "separate-outputs": true
    },  
}

配置文件经过修改

编辑配置文件 .config/waybar/config.top:

{
    "layer": "top", 
    "position": "bottom",
    "height": 30,
    "spacing": 4,
    // Choose the order of the modules
    "modules-left": ["wlr/workspaces"],
    "modules-center": [],
    "modules-right": ["custom/login",  "custom/pipewire", "cpu", "memory", "temperature", "backlight", "clock", "tray"],
    // Modules configuration
    //"wlr/workspaces": {
    //    "disable-scroll": true,
    //    "all-outputs": true,
    //    "format": "{name}: {icon}",
    //    "format-icons": {
    //        "1": "",
    //        "2": "",
    //        "3": "",
    //        "4": "",
    //        "5": "",
    //        "urgent": "",
    //        "focused": "",
    //        "default": ""
    //    }
    //},
    "custom/login": {
        "exec": ".config/waybar/login.fish",
        "interval": "once",
        "singal": 9,
        "return-type": "text"
    },

    "custom/pipewire": {
        "exec": "pw-volume status",
        "return-type": "json",
        "interval": 2,
        "signal": 8,
        "format": " {icon}  {percentage}% ",
        "format-icons": {
            "mute": "",
            "default": ["", "", ""]
        }
    },
    "tray": {
        // "icon-size": 21,
        "spacing": 10,
        "interval": 2
    },
    "clock": {
        // "timezone": "America/New_York",
        "tooltip-format": "<big>{:%Y %B}</big>\n<tt><small>{calendar}</small></tt>",
        "format-alt": "{:%Y-%m-%d}"
    },
    "cpu": {
        "format": "{usage}% ",
        "tooltip": false
    },
    "memory": {
        "format": "{}% "
    },
    "temperature": {
        // "thermal-zone": 2,
        // "hwmon-path": "/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon2/temp1_input",
        "critical-threshold": 80,
        // "format-critical": "{temperatureC}°C {icon}",
        "format": "{temperatureC}°C {icon}",
        "format-icons": ["", "", ""]
    },
    "backlight": {
        // "device": "acpi_video1",
        "format": "{percent}% {icon}",
        "format-icons": ["", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""]
    }
}
{
    "layer": "top", // Waybar at top layer
    "position": "top", // Waybar position (top|bottom|left|right)
    "height": 30, // Waybar height (to be removed for auto height)
    // "width": 1280, // Waybar width
    "spacing": 4, // Gaps between modules (4px)
    // Choose the order of the modules
    "modules-left": [],
    "modules-center": ["hyprland/window"],
    "modules-right": [],
    "hyprland/window": {
        "format": "👉 {}",
        "separate-outputs": true
    },
}

修改 .config/waybar/style.css:

#custom-pipewire {
    background-color: #66ccff;
    color: #000000;
}
#workspaces button.active {
    background-color: #64727D;
    box-shadow: inset 0 -3px #ffffff;
}

安装nerd字体

有两种方法：

1. 从 portage中安装：

   sudo emerge --ask nerd-fonts

2. 手动安装

   git clone https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts --depth 1
   cd nerd-fonts
   sudo ./install.sh -S # 将字体安装到系统，默认是用户路径，推荐加-S

安装powerline字体

执行如下命令安装：

sudo emerge --ask powerline-symbols

安装fish

执行如下指令安装fish：

sudo emerge --ask fish

现在我们需要安装 oh-my-fish：

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/oh-my-fish/oh-my-fish/master/bin/install | fish

安装 bobthefish主题：

omf install bobthefish

编辑.config/fish/config.fish:

if status is-interactive
    # Commands to run in interactive sessions can go here
    set -g theme_display_git yes
    set -g theme_display_git_dirty yes
    set -g theme_display_git_untracked yes
    set -g theme_display_git_ahead_verbose yes
    set -g theme_display_git_dirty_verbose yes
    set -g theme_display_git_stashed_verbose yes
    set -g theme_display_git_default_branch yes
    set -g theme_git_default_branches master main
    set -g theme_git_worktree_support no
    set -g theme_use_abbreviated_branch_name no
    set -g theme_display_vagrant yes
    set -g theme_display_docker_machine yes
    set -g theme_display_k8s_context yes
    set -g theme_display_hg yes
    set -g theme_display_virtualenv yes
    set -g theme_display_nix yes
    set -g theme_display_ruby yes
    set -g theme_display_node yes
    set -g theme_display_user ssh
    set -g theme_display_hostname ssh
    set -g theme_display_vi no
    set -g theme_display_date yes
    set -g theme_display_cmd_duration yes
    set -g theme_title_display_process yes
    set -g theme_title_display_path yes
    set -g theme_title_display_user yes
    set -g theme_title_use_abbreviated_path no
    set -g theme_date_format "+%a %H:%M"
    set -g theme_date_timezone Asia/Shanghai
    set -g theme_avoid_ambiguous_glyphs yes
    set -g theme_powerline_fonts yes
    set -g theme_nerd_fonts yes
    set -g theme_show_exit_status yes
    set -g theme_display_jobs_verbose yes
    set -g default_user jack
    #set -g theme_color_scheme agnoster
    set -g fish_prompt_pwd_dir_length 0
    set -g theme_project_dir_length 0
    set -g theme_newline_cursor yes
    set -g theme_newline_prompt '$ '
    # fish color theme
    set -g fish_color_normal normal
    set -g fish_color_command 00BF32
    set -g fish_color_quote 206676
    set -g fish_color_redirection 7CB02C
    set -g fish_color_end 8EEB00
    set -g fish_color_error 60B9CE
    set -g fish_color_param 04819E
    set -g fish_color_comment 5C9900
    set -g fish_color_match --background=brblue
    set -g fish_color_selection white --bold --background=brblack
    set -g fish_color_search_match bryellow --background=brblack
    set -g fish_color_history_current --bold
    set -g fish_color_operator 00a6b2
    set -g fish_color_escape 00a6b2
    set -g fish_color_cwd green
    set -g fish_color_cwd_root red
    set -g fish_color_valid_path --underline
    set -g fish_color_autosuggestion 64DF85
    set -g fish_color_user brgreen
    set -g fish_color_host normal
    set -g fish_color_cancel --reverse
    set -g fish_pager_color_prefix normal --bold --underline
    set -g fish_pager_color_progress brwhite --background=cyan
    set -g fish_pager_color_completion normal
    set -g fish_pager_color_description B3A06D
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_background --background=brblack
    set -g fish_pager_color_background 
    set -g fish_color_host_remote 
    set -g fish_color_keyword 
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_prefix 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_description 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_completion 
    set -g fish_color_option 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_background 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_prefix 
    # Colorscheme: Seaweed
    set -g fish_color_normal normal
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_description 
    set -g fish_color_command 00BF32
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_completion 
    set -g fish_color_quote 206676
    set -g fish_color_redirection 7CB02C
    set -g fish_color_end 8EEB00
    set -g fish_color_error 60B9CE
    set -g fish_color_param 04819E
    set -g fish_color_comment 5C9900
    set -g fish_color_match --background=brblue
    set -g fish_color_selection white --bold --background=brblack
    set -g fish_color_search_match bryellow --background=brblack
    set -g fish_color_history_current --bold
    set -g fish_color_operator 00a6b2
    set -g fish_color_escape 00a6b2
    set -g fish_color_cwd green
    set -g fish_color_cwd_root red
    set -g fish_color_valid_path --underline
    set -g fish_color_autosuggestion 64DF85
    set -g fish_color_user brgreen
    set -g fish_color_host normal
    set -g fish_color_cancel --reverse
    set -g fish_pager_color_prefix normal --bold --underline
    set -g fish_pager_color_progress brwhite --background=cyan
    set -g fish_pager_color_completion normal
    set -g fish_pager_color_description B3A06D
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_background --background=brblack
    set -g fish_pager_color_background 
    set -g fish_color_host_remote 
    set -g fish_color_keyword 
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_prefix 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_description 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_completion 
    set -g fish_color_option 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_background 
    set -g fish_pager_color_secondary_prefix 
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_description 
    set -g fish_pager_color_selected_completion
    # custom abbr
    abbr ll ls -l
    abbr rm rm -I
    abbr rmi rm -i
    abbr dd dd status=progress 
    abbr tar tar xvf
    abbr rmdir rm -I -r 
    abbr start_wayland dbus-launch --exit-with-session Hyprland
    abbr get_workspaces hyprctl workspaces
    abbr switch_workspace hyprctl dispatch workspace 
    switch (random 0 1)
        case 0
            cpufetch
        case 1
            hyfetch
    end
end

配置.config/fish/functions/bobthefish_colors.fish：

function bobthefish_colors --description 'My Color' --no-scope-shadowing
    set -l grey   808080 616161 595959 424242
    set -l red    FF4050 F0524F B82421 772E2C
    set -l green  4FC414 5C962C 458500 39511F
    set -l yellow E5BF00 A68A0D A87B00 5C4F17
    set -l blue   1FB0FF 3993D4 1778BD 245980
    set -l white  F9F9F4 B7C3D0
      
    set -x color_initial_segment_exit     $white[2] $red[3] --bold
    set -x color_initial_segment_private  $white[2] $grey[4]
    set -x color_initial_segment_su       $white[2] $green[3] --bold
    set -x color_initial_segment_jobs     $white[2] $blue[3] --bold
      
    set -x color_path                     $blue[4] $white[2] 
    set -x color_path_basename            $blue[4] $white[1] --bold
    set -x color_path_nowrite             $blue[4] $red[2] 
    set -x color_path_nowrite_basename    $blue[4] $red[1] --bold
      
    set -x color_repo                     $green[3] $white[2] --bold
    set -x color_repo_work_tree           $grey[4] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_repo_dirty               $red[3] $grey[4]
    set -x color_repo_staged              $yellow[3] $grey[4]
      
    set -x color_vi_mode_default          $grey[4] $yellow[2] --bold
    set -x color_vi_mode_insert           $green[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_vi_mode_visual           $yellow[2] $grey[4] --bold
      
    set -x color_vagrant                  $blue[2] $green[1] --bold
    set -x color_k8s                      $green[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_aws_vault                $blue[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_aws_vault_expired        $blue[2] $red[1] --bold
    set -x color_username                 $grey[4] $blue[2] --bold
    set -x color_hostname                 $grey[4] $blue[1]
    set -x color_rvm                      $red[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_node                     $green[3] $white[2] --bold
    set -x color_virtualfish               $blue[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_virtualgo                $blue[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_desk                     $blue[2] $grey[4] --bold
    set -x color_nix                      $blue[2] $grey[4] --bold
end

编辑.config/fish/functions/set_main_mute.fish:

function set_main_mute
    amixer sset Master $argv[1] unmute
    pkill -RTMIN+8 waybar
end

设置环境变量

编辑/etc/environment：

WLR_RENDERER=vulkan
XDG_SESSION_TYPE=wayland
QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland
QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME=qt5ct
#QT_STYLE_OVERRIDE=kvantum
#WLR_DRM_DEVICES=/dev/dri/card1
MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1
MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1
# input
INPUT_METHOD=fcitx5
XIM=fcitx5
XMODIFIERS="@im=xim"
GTK_IM_MODULE="fcitx5"
QT_IM_MODULE="fcitx5"
#GBM_BACKEND=nvidia-drm
#__GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia

# Flameshot

SDL_VIDEODRIVER=wayland
_JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/cuda/lib64/

安装pipewire

编辑/etc/portage/package.use/base：

media-video/pipewire extra echo-cancel pipewire-alsa sound-server

执行如下命令：

sudo emerge --ask pipewire

安装bluetooth

执行如下命令：

sudo emerge --ask bluez-alsa
sudo emerge --ask xdg-desktop-portal
sudo emerge --ask xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
sudo emerge --ask xdg-desktop-portal-gtk

设置开机启动：

sudo rc-update add bluetooth default

启动Hyprland

编辑/etc/portage/package.use/base：

sys-auth/seatd server

执行以下命令：

dbus-launch --exit-with-session Hyprland

或者：

Hyprland

或者：

start_wayland